LATERITE CONCRETE BORNEO (LACOBON)

PROCIDING ISID KALTIM 2014 BALIKPAPAN

Perhatian : Tulisan ini sudah di sebarluaskan dan dibukukan di Seminar Internasional

Hak cipta milik Tim Pandawa Tiga Politeknik Negeri Samarinda

Muhamad Nahrowi

LATERITE CONCRETE BORNEO

(LACOBON)

MUHAMAD NAHROWI, REZA DELIZAR, ABDUL KARIM SIDIK

Department of  Civil Engineering, State Polytechnic Samarinda, Ciptomangunkusumo street

Samarinda, ZIP/Zone 75131, Indonesia

SUJIATI JEPRIANI

Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Laboratory , Ciptomangunkusumo street

Samarinda, ZIP/Zone 75131, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: Laterite Concrete Borneo (Lacobon) is a mixture of portland pozzolan cement, fine aggregate sand Palu, coarse aggregate and water. Laterite soils have a high Fe content, this material if exposed too long then it will quickly harden and very strong. This land has a strength similar to that of crushed stone is used mostly on concrete. The concrete mix design using DOE method with a standard deviation of 6 MPa. Optimal composition used was coarse aggregate by 42% for laterite ½ inch size and 20% for laterite size 2/3 inches and sand hammer 38% for the compressive strength of 25 MPa plan. With aggregate-forming composition of the concrete compressive strength of concrete obtained at 17.83 MPa, flexural strength of 4.64 MPa and tensile strength divided by 4 MPa.

Keywords: Compressive strength, Flexural strength ,Lacobon, Tensile strength

Introduction

          Concrete is a building material that is still very widely used in physical development . The price is relatively cheap and easy execution , and has a high compressive strength . But in addition to its advantages , concrete also has some drawbacks such as strong bending low , and uniformity of varied quality . Because of its shortcomings it is necessary to innovate to improve the function of the concrete itself becomes more leverage . Laterite is a type of soil that has a texture and hardness similar to crushed stone .

          Lateritic material is also easy to obtain on the island of Borneo , and their numbers are abundant because there are many mountains laterite , but still less than the maximum utilization of laterite so prices are still relatively cheap . The use of laterite which is currently still limited as road pavement material and used as materials for brick .

          Smith (1992) suggested that a lateritic regolith or rock body that has a high Fe content and have experienced weathering, sediment profile including material transport results still looked rock origin. The material is very fragile and easy to cut, but if exposed for too long, it will quickly harden and very strong. According to Yves Tardy, researchers from the French Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse And The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, estimates that this type of laterite cover about a third of all land in the world. The soil layer is sublayer of forests in equatorial, savanna-savanna in humid tropical regions.

          Therefore , in this research, innovation laterite coarse aggregate material for concrete mixture of crushed stone replacement , which will be analyzed the effect of the use of laterite material as coarse aggregate concrete in terms of compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, quality and precision quality.

Experimental work

Materials and methods

Material collection

          Coarse aggregate raw material obtained from the District  Sambutan 7, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, stone crusher results governmental efforts Remarks 7. Measures used is an aggregate measure ½ inch and 2/3 inches. Portland cement used to use artificial pozzolan cement Semen Gresik and use fine sand aggregate gradation Hammer with Zone  Water used to use local water company water Samarinda, East Kalimantan safe for consumption

Concrete Mixture Proportions

        Mix design was adopted for the production of 25 MPa LACOBON classes based on the guidelines given in normal concrete mix design SNI 03-2834-1993 MIX CONCRETE Indonesia with slight modifications to adapt to locally available raw materials and intended. In an effort to achieve a grade of 25 MPa concrete in 28days target strength, Binder water (W / B) ratio of 0.50 used. it concrete mix design (mix - proportion) of LACOBON used in this study can be seen in Table 1 and Table 2. Aggregate coarse laterite 2/3 inches (12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%), ½ inch (50%, 48%, 46%, 44%, 42%) sand as fine aggregate weight of 38%.

Test specimen, Curing conditions, and Testing detail

        A rotating pan mixer (capacity 0.05m³) is used to mix the constituent materials. Fresh concrete is then cast in 100x100x550mm beam and a cylindrical mold with a diameter of 10 cm height 20 cm and left for 24 hours before demoulding. Immediately after demoulding, the specimens stored in the curing tank for hydration period 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days then testing at any desired age. Testing was conducted on the testing of compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile sides.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

        Flexural strength test performed on 150x150x500mm beam at the age of 7 , 14 , 21 , 28 and 56days according to ASTM C - 39 . Three specimens were tested for each mixture proportion and the average value of the reported in Table 3 .

Laterite

        The laterite sample used has a specific gravity of 2:02 , 2:41 % water content Abrasion value of 29 % by weight of the contents of 1:07 g / cm ³ . Sand on the other hand has a specific gravity of 2:54 , 2:04 % moisture content . These results reflect that both laterite and sand samples were considered good . Fresh pasta and fresh properties of concrete.

Setting time

        The initial and final setting time of cement pastes used PPC 100 minutes for hardening time . final timing also meet the requirements of Portland cement

Slump value

        Slump values of non - LACOBON entrained air are presented in Table 3, all blends are produced in The slump range between 30 and 60 mm. Slump test results performed on the mixture ,can concluded that, to achieve the required workability ,mixtures containing laterite required a higher water content from the conventional mixture. Compressive strength, Bending and split / performance LACOBON Variation of flexural compressive strength with age for all usage percentage represented laterite in Table 3 .

        Hydration process which always affect the early strength development . progressive Enhancement Compressive strength and bending with age can be raised to a very large extent on the physical structure ( Neville ,2006).

Properties of Hardened concrete

Density of LACOBON

        Hardened concrete properties LACOBON density or bulk density lacobon concrete around 2,200 kg / m³ at 28 days Greener Journal of Science, Engineering and Technological Research ISSN: 2276-7835 Vol. 3 (4), pp. 102-109, April 2013. www.gjournals.org 105.

Flexural strength LACOBON

        Variation of flexural strength, compressive strength and tensile sides with UAT testing for all age laterite percentage represented in Table 3. LACOBON Compressive strength continues to increase on the composition of the laterite 2/3 inch increase, but instead decreases the bending strength of the composition is greater in size 2/3 inches hydration process which always affect the early development of strength in the beginning. progressive Enhancement Compressive strength and bending with age can be raised to a very large extent on the physical structure (Neville, 2006).

Table 1. Mix proportions of LACOBON mixture

Mix Designation	W/B	Material (Kg)
		Water	Cement (PPC)	Sand	Laterite ½”	Laterite 2/3”
Cylinder 1	0.5	4.35	6.44	10.41	12.72	2.96
Cylinder 2	0.5	4.37	6.44	10.41	12.21	3.45
Cylinder 3	0.5	4.38	6.44	10.41	11.70	3.94
Cylinder 4	0.5	4.40	6.44	10.41	11.19	4.43
Cylinder 5	0.5	4.42	6.44	10.41	10.69	4.93

Table 2. Mix proportions of LACOBON mixture

Mix Designation	W/B	Material (Kg)
		Water	Cement (PPC)	Sand	Laterite ½”	Laterite 2/3”
Beam 1	0.5	9.74	14.42	23.39	28.47	6.61
Beam 2	0.5	9.78	14.42	23.39	27.33	7.72
Beam 3	0.5	9.81	14.42	23.39	26.19	8.82
Beam 4	0.5	9.85	14.42	23.39	25.06	9.92
Beam 5	0.5	9.89	14.42	23.39	23.92	11.02

Table 3. Variation of compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of LACOBON

                                                           

Mix Design	Slump (cm)	1 Day (MPa)			3 Day (MPa)
		Compressive Strength	Flexural Strength	Tensile Strength	Compressive Strength	Flexural Strength	Tensile Strength
1	3.1	4.78	0.66	1	8.28	2.65	2
2	3	6.37	1.66	1.5	7.32	2.11	2
3	3.5	3.82	0.99	1	7.64	2.64	2
4	4	4.78	1.98	1	7.64	3.31	2
5	3.5	5.73	2.11	1	9.55	2.25	2.75

Table 3. Variation of compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of LACOBON

Mix Design	Slump (cm)	7 Day (MPa)			14 Day (MPa)
		Compressive Strength	Flexural Strength	Tensile Strength	Compressive Strength	Flexural Strength	Tensile Strength
1	3.1	10.51	2.78	3.5	11.46	4.31	4
2	3	11.46	3.31	2.75	13.38	3.64	4
3	3.5	10.83	3.97	3	8.92	4.04	3
4	4	8.92	3.64	2.5	12.74	3.70	3.5
5	3.5	13.38	2.98	3	15.92	4.23	4

Table 3. Variation of compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of LACOBON

Mix Design	Slump (cm)	28 Day (MPa)			56 Day (MPa)
		Compressive Strength	Flexural Strength	Tensile Strength	Compressive Strength	Flexural Strength	Tensile Strength
1	3.1	13.38	5.63	4	13.38	5.63	4
2	3	17.83	4.96	4	17.83	4.96	4
3	3.5	15.29	5.29	3.5	15.29	5.29	3.5
4	4	14.65	4.37	3.5	14.65	4.37	3.5
5	3.5	17.83	4.63	4	17.83	4.63	4

 

 

CONCLUSION

1.    Laterite derived from the District Sambutan 7, Samarinda, Borneo East can be used as a coarse aggregate concrete with good quality and right quality

2.    addition of laterite aggregate size of 2/3 inch enlarged resulting in compressive strength and flexural strength increased but the split tensile strength decreased.

3.    the use of laterite as coarse aggregate concrete are able to make concrete with appropriate quality plans.

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